git-workflow

# Git Workflow Standards

This document defines the project's Git usage standards, including commit message format, branch management strategy, workflows, merge strategies, and more. Following these standards improves collaboration efficiency, enables traceability, supports automation, and reduces conflicts.

## Commit Message Standards

The project follows the **Conventional Commits** specification:

```
<type>(<scope>): <subject>

<body>

<footer>
```

### Type Reference

| Type | Description | Example |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| `feat` | New feature | `feat(user): add user export functionality` |
| `fix` | Bug fix | `fix(login): fix captcha not refreshing` |
| `docs` | Documentation update | `docs(api): update API documentation` |
| `refactor` | Refactoring | `refactor(utils): refactor utility functions` |
| `perf` | Performance improvement | `perf(list): optimize list performance` |
| `test` | Test related | `test(user): add unit tests` |
| `chore` | Other changes | `chore: update dependency versions` |

### Subject Rules

- Start with a verb: add, fix, update, remove, optimize
- No more than 50 characters
- No period at the end

For more detailed conventions and examples, see `references/commit-conventions.md`.

## Branch Management Strategy

### Branch Types

| Branch Type | Naming Convention | Description | Lifecycle |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| master | `master` | Main branch, releasable state | Permanent |
| develop | `develop` | Development branch, latest integrated code | Permanent |
| feature | `feature/feature-name` | Feature branch | Delete after completion |
| bugfix | `bugfix/issue-description` | Bug fix branch | Delete after fix |
| hotfix | `hotfix/issue-description` | Emergency fix branch | Delete after fix |
| release | `release/version-number` | Release branch | Delete after release |

### Branch Naming Examples

```
feature/user-management          # User management feature
feature/123-add-export          # Issue-linked feature
bugfix/login-error              # Login error fix
hotfix/security-vulnerability   # Security vulnerability fix
release/v1.0.0                  # Version release
```

### Branch Protection Rules

**master branch:**
- No direct pushes allowed
- Must merge via Pull Request
- Must pass CI checks
- Requires at least one Code Review approval

**develop branch:**
- Direct pushes restricted
- Pull Request merges recommended
- Must pass CI checks

For detailed branch strategies and workflows, see `references/branching-strategies.md`.

## Workflows

### Daily Development Workflow

```bash
# 1. Sync latest code
git checkout develop
git pull origin develop

# 2. Create feature branch
git checkout -b feature/user-management

# 3. Develop and commit
git add .
git commit -m "feat(user): add user list page"

# 4. Push to remote
git push -u origin feature/user-management

# 5. Create Pull Request and request Code Review

# 6. Merge to develop (via PR)

# 7. Delete feature branch
git branch -d feature/user-management
git push origin -d feature/user-management
```

### Hotfix Workflow

```bash
# 1. Create fix branch from master
git checkout master
git pull origin master
git checkout -b hotfix/critical-bug

# 2. Fix and commit
git add .
git commit -m "fix(auth): fix authentication bypass vulnerability"

# 3. Merge to master
git checkout master
git merge --no-ff hotfix/critical-bug
git tag -a v1.0.1 -m "hotfix: fix authentication bypass vulnerability"
git push origin master --tags

# 4. Sync to develop
git checkout develop
git merge --no-ff hotfix/critical-bug
git push origin develop
```

### Release Workflow

```bash
# 1. Create release branch
git checkout develop
git checkout -b release/v1.0.0

# 2. Update version numbers and documentation

# 3. Commit version update
git add .
git commit -m "chore(release): prepare release v1.0.0"

# 4. Merge to master
git checkout master
git merge --no-ff release/v1.0.0
git tag -a v1.0.0 -m "release: v1.0.0 official release"
git push origin master --tags

# 5. Sync to develop
git checkout develop
git merge --no-ff release/v1.0.0
git push origin develop
```

## Merge Strategy

### Merge vs Rebase

| Feature | Merge | Rebase |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| History | Preserves complete history | Linear history |
| Use case | Public branches | Private branches |
| Recommended for | Merging to main branch | Syncing upstream code |

### Recommendations

- **Feature branch syncing develop**: Use `rebase`
- **Feature branch merging to develop**: Use `merge --no-ff`
- **develop merging to master**: Use `merge --no-ff`

```bash
# ✅ Recommended: Feature branch syncing develop
git checkout feature/user-management
git rebase develop

# ✅ Recommended: Merge feature branch to develop
git checkout develop
git merge --no-ff feature/user-management

# ❌ Not recommended: Rebase on public branch
git checkout develop
git rebase feature/xxx  # Dangerous operation
```

**Project convention**: Use `--no-ff` when merging feature branches to preserve branch history.

For detailed merge strategies and techniques, see `references/merge-strategies.md`.

## Conflict Resolution

### Identifying Conflicts

```
<<<<<<< HEAD
// Current branch code
const name = 'Alice'
=======
// Branch being merged
const name = 'Bob'
>>>>>>> feature/user-management
```

### Resolving Conflicts

```bash
# 1. View conflicting files
git status

# 2. Manually edit files to resolve conflicts

# 3. Mark as resolved
git add <file>

# 4. Complete the merge
git commit  # merge conflict
# or
git rebase --continue  # rebase conflict
```

### Conflict Resolution Strategies

```bash
# Keep current branch version
git checkout --ours <file>

# Keep incoming branch version
git checkout --theirs <file>

# Abort merge
git merge --abort
git rebase --abort
```

### Preventing Conflicts

1. **Sync code regularly** - Pull latest code before starting work each day
2. **Small commits** - Commit small changes frequently
3. **Modular features** - Implement different features in different files
4. **Com