golang-web

# Go Web Architecture

## Core Principles

- **Standard layout** — Follow cmd/internal/pkg convention
- **Explicit dependencies** — Wire dependencies in main.go, no globals
- **Interface-driven** — Define interfaces where you use them, not where you implement
- **Error wrapping** — Wrap errors with context, use error codes
- **No backwards compatibility** — Delete, don't deprecate. Change directly
- **LiteLLM for LLM APIs** — Use LiteLLM proxy for all LLM integrations

---

## No Backwards Compatibility

> **Delete unused code. Change directly. No compatibility layers.**

```go
// ❌ BAD: Deprecated function kept around
// Deprecated: Use NewUserService instead
func CreateUserService() *UserService { ... }

// ❌ BAD: Alias for renamed types
type OldName = NewName // "for backwards compatibility"

// ❌ BAD: Unused parameters
func Process(_ context.Context, data Data) { ... }

// ✅ GOOD: Just delete and update all usages
func NewUserService(repo UserRepository) *UserService { ... }
```

---

## LiteLLM for LLM APIs

> **Use LiteLLM proxy. Don't call provider APIs directly.**

```go
// adapters/llm/client.go
package llm

import (
    "github.com/sashabaranov/go-openai"
)

// Connect to LiteLLM proxy using OpenAI-compatible SDK
func NewClient(cfg Config) *openai.Client {
    config := openai.DefaultConfig(cfg.APIKey)
    config.BaseURL = cfg.BaseURL // LiteLLM proxy URL
    return openai.NewClientWithConfig(config)
}
```

---

## Quick Start

### 1. Initialize Project

```bash
mkdir myapp && cd myapp
go mod init github.com/yourname/myapp

# Install core dependencies
go get github.com/gin-gonic/gin
go get github.com/spf13/viper
go get github.com/sirupsen/logrus
go get gorm.io/gorm
```

### 2. Apply Tech Stack

| Layer | Recommendation |
|-------|----------------|
| HTTP Framework | Gin / Chi / Echo |
| Configuration | Viper |
| Logging | Logrus / Zap / Slog |
| Database ORM | GORM / sqlx / sqlc |
| Validation | go-playground/validator |
| Testing | testify / go test |

### Version Strategy

> **Always get latest. Never pin in templates.**

```bash
# Always fetch latest
go get -u github.com/gin-gonic/gin
go get -u ./...

# go.mod handles version locking
# go.sum ensures reproducible builds
```

### 3. Use Standard Structure

```
myapp/
├── cmd/
│   └── myapp/
│       └── main.go            # Entry point, dependency wiring
├── configs/
│   └── config.go              # Configuration struct + loader
├── internal/                  # Private application code
│   ├── handlers/              # HTTP handlers
│   ├── services/              # Business logic
│   ├── repositories/          # Data access
│   ├── models/                # Domain models
│   ├── middleware/            # HTTP middleware
│   └── router/                # Route definitions
├── pkg/                       # Public reusable packages
│   ├── errors/                # Error types
│   ├── logger/                # Logging setup
│   ├── response/              # Unified response format
│   └── database/              # Database connection
├── config.yaml                # Configuration file
├── Makefile                   # Build automation
├── Dockerfile
└── go.mod
```

---

## Architecture Layers

### cmd/ — Entry Point

Wire all dependencies here. No business logic.

```go
// cmd/myapp/main.go
func main() {
    // Load config
    cfg := configs.Load()

    // Initialize infrastructure
    db := database.New(cfg.Database)
    cache := cache.New(cfg.Redis)
    logger := logger.New(cfg.Log)

    // Initialize repositories
    userRepo := repositories.NewUserRepository(db)

    // Initialize services
    userService := services.NewUserService(userRepo)

    // Initialize handlers
    userHandler := handlers.NewUserHandler(userService)

    // Setup router
    r := router.Setup(cfg, userHandler)

    // Start server with graceful shutdown
    server.Run(r, cfg.Server)
}
```

### internal/ — Private Business Code

#### handlers/ — HTTP Layer

```go
// internal/handlers/user.go
type UserHandler struct {
    service services.UserService
}

func NewUserHandler(s services.UserService) *UserHandler {
    return &UserHandler{service: s}
}

func (h *UserHandler) Create(c *gin.Context) {
    var input CreateUserInput
    if err := c.ShouldBindJSON(&input); err != nil {
        response.Error(c, errors.ErrInvalidParams)
        return
    }

    user, err := h.service.Create(c.Request.Context(), input)
    if err != nil {
        response.Error(c, err)
        return
    }

    response.Success(c, user)
}
```

#### services/ — Business Logic

```go
// internal/services/user.go
type UserService interface {
    Create(ctx context.Context, input CreateUserInput) (*models.User, error)
    GetByID(ctx context.Context, id string) (*models.User, error)
}

type userService struct {
    repo repositories.UserRepository
}

func NewUserService(repo repositories.UserRepository) UserService {
    return &userService{repo: repo}
}

func (s *userService) Create(ctx context.Context, input CreateUserInput) (*models.User, error) {
    existing, _ := s.repo.FindByEmail(ctx, input.Email)
    if existing != nil {
        return nil, errors.ErrUserExists
    }

    user := &models.User{
        ID:    uuid.New().String(),
        Email: input.Email,
        Name:  input.Name,
    }

    return s.repo.Save(ctx, user)
}
```

#### repositories/ — Data Access

```go
// internal/repositories/user.go
type UserRepository interface {
    FindByID(ctx context.Context, id string) (*models.User, error)
    FindByEmail(ctx context.Context, email string) (*models.User, error)
    Save(ctx context.Context, user *models.User) (*models.User, error)
    Delete(ctx context.Context, id string) error
}

type userRepository struct {
    db *gorm.DB
}

func NewUserRepository(db *gorm.DB) UserRepository {
    return &userRepository{db: db}
}

func (r *userRepository) FindByID(ctx context.Context, id string) (*models.User, error) {
    var user models.User
    if err := r.db.WithContext(ctx).First(&use