bim-clash-detection

# BIM Clash Detection

## Business Case

### Problem Statement
Coordination issues cause significant rework:
- MEP vs structural conflicts discovered on site
- Late design changes increase costs
- Manual clash review is time-consuming
- No standardized clash categorization

### Solution
Automated clash detection and analysis system that identifies conflicts between building systems and provides prioritized resolution recommendations.

### Business Value
- **Cost savings** - Detect issues before construction
- **Time reduction** - Automated clash identification
- **Better coordination** - Systematic conflict resolution
- **Quality improvement** - Fewer field issues

## Technical Implementation

```python
import pandas as pd
from datetime import datetime
from typing import Dict, Any, List, Optional, Tuple
from dataclasses import dataclass, field
from enum import Enum
import math


class ClashType(Enum):
    """Types of clashes."""
    HARD = "hard"           # Physical intersection
    SOFT = "soft"           # Clearance violation
    WORKFLOW = "workflow"   # Sequencing conflict
    DUPLICATE = "duplicate" # Duplicated elements


class ClashStatus(Enum):
    """Clash resolution status."""
    NEW = "new"
    ACTIVE = "active"
    RESOLVED = "resolved"
    APPROVED = "approved"
    IGNORED = "ignored"


class ClashSeverity(Enum):
    """Clash severity level."""
    CRITICAL = "critical"
    MAJOR = "major"
    MINOR = "minor"
    INFO = "info"


class Discipline(Enum):
    """BIM disciplines."""
    ARCHITECTURAL = "architectural"
    STRUCTURAL = "structural"
    MECHANICAL = "mechanical"
    ELECTRICAL = "electrical"
    PLUMBING = "plumbing"
    FIRE_PROTECTION = "fire_protection"
    CIVIL = "civil"


@dataclass
class BoundingBox:
    """3D bounding box."""
    min_x: float
    min_y: float
    min_z: float
    max_x: float
    max_y: float
    max_z: float

    def intersects(self, other: 'BoundingBox') -> bool:
        """Check if boxes intersect."""
        return (self.min_x <= other.max_x and self.max_x >= other.min_x and
                self.min_y <= other.max_y and self.max_y >= other.min_y and
                self.min_z <= other.max_z and self.max_z >= other.min_z)

    def volume(self) -> float:
        """Calculate bounding box volume."""
        return ((self.max_x - self.min_x) *
                (self.max_y - self.min_y) *
                (self.max_z - self.min_z))

    def center(self) -> Tuple[float, float, float]:
        """Get center point."""
        return (
            (self.min_x + self.max_x) / 2,
            (self.min_y + self.max_y) / 2,
            (self.min_z + self.max_z) / 2
        )


@dataclass
class BIMElement:
    """BIM element representation."""
    element_id: str
    name: str
    discipline: Discipline
    category: str  # e.g., "Duct", "Beam", "Pipe"
    level: str
    bounding_box: BoundingBox
    properties: Dict[str, Any] = field(default_factory=dict)

    def distance_to(self, other: 'BIMElement') -> float:
        """Calculate distance between element centers."""
        c1 = self.bounding_box.center()
        c2 = other.bounding_box.center()
        return math.sqrt(
            (c2[0] - c1[0])**2 +
            (c2[1] - c1[1])**2 +
            (c2[2] - c1[2])**2
        )


@dataclass
class Clash:
    """Clash between two elements."""
    clash_id: str
    element_a: BIMElement
    element_b: BIMElement
    clash_type: ClashType
    severity: ClashSeverity
    status: ClashStatus
    distance: float  # Penetration depth (negative) or clearance gap
    location: Tuple[float, float, float]
    detected_at: datetime
    resolved_at: Optional[datetime] = None
    assigned_to: Optional[str] = None
    notes: str = ""

    def to_dict(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
        return {
            'clash_id': self.clash_id,
            'element_a_id': self.element_a.element_id,
            'element_a_name': self.element_a.name,
            'element_a_discipline': self.element_a.discipline.value,
            'element_b_id': self.element_b.element_id,
            'element_b_name': self.element_b.name,
            'element_b_discipline': self.element_b.discipline.value,
            'clash_type': self.clash_type.value,
            'severity': self.severity.value,
            'status': self.status.value,
            'distance': round(self.distance, 3),
            'location_x': self.location[0],
            'location_y': self.location[1],
            'location_z': self.location[2],
            'level': self.element_a.level,
            'detected_at': self.detected_at.isoformat(),
            'assigned_to': self.assigned_to,
            'notes': self.notes
        }


@dataclass
class ClashTest:
    """Clash test configuration."""
    name: str
    discipline_a: Discipline
    discipline_b: Discipline
    clash_type: ClashType
    tolerance: float = 0.0  # Clearance tolerance in meters
    enabled: bool = True


class BIMClashDetector:
    """Detect and manage BIM clashes."""

    def __init__(self):
        self.elements: List[BIMElement] = []
        self.clashes: List[Clash] = []
        self.clash_tests: List[ClashTest] = []
        self._clash_counter = 0

    def load_elements(self, elements_df: pd.DataFrame) -> int:
        """Load BIM elements from DataFrame."""
        loaded = 0
        for _, row in elements_df.iterrows():
            element = BIMElement(
                element_id=str(row.get('element_id', '')),
                name=str(row.get('name', '')),
                discipline=Discipline(row.get('discipline', 'architectural')),
                category=str(row.get('category', '')),
                level=str(row.get('level', '')),
                bounding_box=BoundingBox(
                    min_x=float(row.get('min_x', 0)),
                    min_y=float(row.get('min_y', 0)),
                    min_z=float(row.get('min_z', 0)),
                    max_x=float(row.get('max_x', 0)),
                    max_y=float(row.get('max_y', 0)),