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183-java-observability-tracing-opentelemetry

This skill guides implementation of distributed tracing in Java applications using OpenTelemetry. Use it when adding or improving trace instrumentation, including span design, context propagation across service boundaries, semantic conventions, error handling, sampling strategies, and privacy safeguards. It covers testing trace correctness and integration with OTLP collectors while preventing common pitfalls like sensitive data exposure and high-cardinality attributes.

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git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/jabrena/cursor-rules-java /tmp/183-java-observability-tracing-opentelemetry && cp -r /tmp/183-java-observability-tracing-opentelemetry/skills/183-java-observability-tracing-opentelemetry ~/.claude/skills/183-java-observability-tracing-opentelemetry
Then start a new Claude Code session; the skill loads automatically.

SKILL.md

# Java Distributed Tracing with OpenTelemetry

Implement robust distributed tracing in Java with OpenTelemetry by modeling meaningful spans, preserving context propagation, and instrumenting critical business and infrastructure paths with low-overhead, privacy-safe telemetry.

**What is covered in this Skill?**

- OpenTelemetry tracing fundamentals for Java services
- Span design: boundaries, parent/child relationships, and operation naming
- Context propagation across HTTP, messaging, async tasks, and thread boundaries
- Semantic conventions and stable attribute naming
- Error/status/event recording best practices
- Sampling strategy and performance/cost trade-offs
- Privacy and security controls for trace attributes
- Testing and verification of trace propagation and span correctness

**Scope:** Distributed tracing quality in application and integration layers, focused on diagnosability, consistency, and operational safety.

## Constraints

Tracing instrumentation must preserve context correctly and avoid leaking sensitive data. Over-instrumentation and high-cardinality attributes can harm cost and signal quality.

- **PROPAGATION FIRST**: Ensure context propagation across all sync/async boundaries before adding extra span detail
- **NO SENSITIVE DATA**: Never store secrets, credentials, tokens, raw payloads, or PII in span attributes/events
- **LOW CARDINALITY ATTRIBUTES**: Avoid unbounded values in attributes that are used for aggregation/search
- **VERIFY**: Run `./mvnw clean verify` or `mvn clean verify` after applying tracing changes

## When to use this skill

- Improve tracing
- Apply OpenTelemetry tracing
- Add distributed tracing
- Refactor tracing instrumentation

## Workflow

1. **Define trace model and critical flows**

Identify high-value request and async flows, define operation boundaries, and choose span names/attributes aligned with semantic conventions.

2. **Instrument and propagate context**

Add OpenTelemetry spans to key boundaries and ensure trace context is propagated across HTTP clients/servers, messaging, and executor-based async work.

3. **Harden span data and sampling**

Record status/errors/events consistently, remove sensitive data, control attribute cardinality, and configure sampling/exporters according to environment needs.

4. **Validate traces end-to-end**

Verify parent-child relationships, propagation continuity, and backend visibility through tests and runtime checks.

## Reference

For detailed guidance, examples, and constraints, see [references/183-java-observability-tracing-opentelemetry.md](references/183-java-observability-tracing-opentelemetry.md).
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